A healthy nail should look good, to be soft and uniform.Its color must be beige or slightly pink, which is due to the presence of blood vessels under it.When defects appear, the nail can lose normal color, darken or paint in a different color.When the thickness changes, the nails become messy and are careless.In some diseases, nail plates can deform until their disappearance.
Development malformations can be congenital and acquired.In the first case, this is due to the damage to the Ectoderm-Fabric-Fabric nail teacher.It seems the deformation of the nail or its absence immediately after the birth of a child.
Acquired vices can be developed for several reasons.The most common problem is a fungus, which in one way or another is present in each third person.The fungus can be not only external, in which only the plate is affected, but also by the internal ones: the finger fabric can be affected with its subsequent destruction.
In addition, such diseases can lead to the deformation of the step by step:
- Psoriasis: With this pathology, the thickness of the nail changes.It becomes denser than usual and unpleasant to touch.In addition, pain develops: in palpation, discomfort is felt.Multiple color points are developed under the plate, from red to purple, this indicates bleeding.When the infection joins, the suppuration with bruises can be observed under the nail.You can see local skin detachments: cavities are formed in these places that give their hands a messy appearance.The additional development of the disease can lead to onicolysis.
- The eczema is often accompanied not only by local defeat, but also by generalized.That is, in addition to the damage to the plates, the symptoms of the skin can also be observed.The eczema is manifested by the changes in the nail roller and the plate directly.Finger fabrics swell, peeling can be developed.The affected surface itching and hurts.At the same time, the nail becomes opaque and pale, its stratification or fragility is possible.
In addition to these reasons, deformation can be caused by fungal infection of the nail plate.
The fungus is a disease that, with a careless attitude, can lead to a complete destruction of the plate.In the initial stage, this is manifested only by a change in color and thickening, in the end, the defeat leads to the loss of the nail plaque.
Signs of infection with a fungus
When infection with onychomycosis, there is no intensive pain and disability, therefore, people often prefer not to notice.In addition, the fungus in its early stage is not manifested by changes expressed in the nail plate and is difficult to distinguish.
First, it looks like the skin of the feet.It is intense and can distract work or rest.It is caused by the spread of microorganisms in the dermis, which the body perceives as irritation.With constant itching, a person can be disturbed by sleep and appetite.When combing the skin, it is likely to bring bacteria to microcks, then the annexation of a secondary infection will be developed.
If treatment measures are not taken, then organic changes in the nail and tissues occur.The plaque becomes muddy and opaque, spots and stripes are developed, which can light and dark, depends on the pathogen.
A change in the shadow indicates that the yeast fungus completely captures the tissue of the plate.Often, the color becomes yellow, but brown and white can also occur.
The fragility and fragility of the nails also indicates the fungi process.At the same time, the nails are divided, they become messy.Because of this, painful problems or defrosting nail can occur in the case of an injury.
If all these symptoms appear or at least one of them, you must consult a doctor about treatment;Without this, the disease can enter a chronic form.
Stages of Infection Development
Unlike many pathologies, nail fungus is a slow development disease.It is characterized by a gradual flow that is difficult to lose.Fungus therapy is effective at an early stage, therefore, as soon as possible the help is provided, the better.
The initial stage often does not manifest visually.Therefore, it is impossible to show how the fungus of the nails on the legs in the photo is seen in the initial stage.But the first symptoms already appear at this time.An anxious bell in relation to the fungus is the intense itching of the skin, which intensifies throughout the day and reaches the greatest intensity at night.The only sign that may be subject to the idea of fungal infection is the appearance of a pathological color of the nail, this is manifested by the development of pale yellow spots and stripes to a white tone.There may be dark areas.
The Normotrophic lesion stage is manifested by moderate symptoms.This is evidenced by the fact that the nail has not yet been thickened and the pronounced deformation is not observed in it.However, spots and stripes become extremely different and visible to others.In addition, it joins an unpleasant smell that comes from the feet.If the treatment does not begin, the disease will inevitably go to the last stage.
With the hypertrophic lesion, a thickening is observed not only of the plate itself, but also in the surrounding tissues.This is manifested by the deformation of the nail, you can change the direction of growth, collapse and interruption of a slight effect on it.As a result, the nail can be reduced, instead in a severe course of the disease, the new plaque does not grow.
In the presence of concomitant pathology, the transition from the first stage to the launched occurs extremely fast, in just a few weeks.This can happen due to the presence of immunodeficiency, cancer and weakness of the body, which develops in old age.
Adult injections also cause the development of the disease.This can be direct damage to the nail, as well as to the surrounding tissues, when, due to the insufficiency of blood circulation, the metabolism of the nail changes.At this time, ideal conditions for a fungus are created.
With obesity and diabetes mellitus, the nail fungus in the legs develops in 95 cases of 100. This is due to the fact that fungal microorganisms receive many necessary for the growth and reproduction of substances, for example, glucose and lipids.Therefore, in such patients, the pathology is extremely difficult.
Nail fungus when it is infected with dermatophytes
Dermatophytes are the most common cause of pathology.Infecting them is quite simple: through common towels, showers or even indoor shoes.
This type of fungus has two dangerous representatives that can cause fungal lesions equally: this is Trichophyton Rubrum and Trichophyton Mentagrophyphytes.
The first representative begins to penetrate under the nail plate from its free edge, while it moves more.Signs of infection with this fungus: A change in the color of the nails on the legs with yellow pink with interspersed black, the texture of the plate deteriorates, becomes fragile and fragile, crumbles with physical exposure.
For a precise diagnosis, you should know how the fungus of your nails looks.The most characteristic feature is the appearance of a detachment from the nail near its lateral edge.In this space, the accumulation of dirt occurs, which is favorable for the development of microorganisms.During this period, it is still possible to get rid of the fungus without nail loss, only using ointments and creams in parallel with the antifungal pills.
There is a distal form of the disease, which is manifested by the beginning of the injury in the nail bed.This form is much less common, since to penetrate there, the microorganism is necessary for the entrance door, a micrograph or other damage.This situation is not uncommon after an injury.With this option, it is necessary to remove the nail plate completely, since any conservative treatment will be ineffective.
If the cause of the fungus is Trichophyton Mentagrophytes, then the signs of the disease will be the following:
- Thickening: there will be significant hypertrophy of the plate with the presence of deformations and fabric defects;
- The color of the dish becomes intensely yellow, with a honey tint;
- An abscess appears on a finger near the nail;
- In the late stage, skin lesion also joins, in interdigital spaces, skin is observed and cracking;
- The appearance of strips and white points is developed: these are the places where the parasite fungus to the most intensely;
- In hand, this type of pathogens never parasites.
To get rid of this fungus, it is necessary to undergo the correct integral treatment with oral medications and local remedies: gels and ointments.
In severe cases, it is possible that you should eliminate the cleaning of the nail and the laser to eliminate microorganisms.This method has many positive reviews.It is forbidden to use varnish.
Changes in the nail when infected with a fungus of the genre
This disease is characterized by damage not only to the tissues in the limbs, but also to the location in the brush.The leading hand is more affected, for example, the right hand is the right hand.From frequent contact with water, the disease progresses faster.
A characteristic feature of this disease is damage to the box of the box.Over time, more tissues are captured: first the cell division zone and then the free edge.
With this disease, more often than the rest, a secondary infection occurs.Candidiasis is accompanied by pain in the roller and bed, in palpation it is possible to secrete a serous or purulent discharge.
The nail is gradually deforms and rises above the skin, its thickness can reach several millimeters.At the same time, the nail becomes similar to the wave, which is manifested by the presence of the scallops that can go in different directions.However, with candidiasis, the most common form of nail damage is precisely horizontal blackening.
In severe pathology, the nail gradually separates from the nail bed, this is accompanied by discomfort and pain.In case of accidental trauma of such nail, it is possible accompanied by significant bleeding.The wound surface in this case is delayed for a long time.
If the fungus affects the free edge of the nail, then this is often combined with a skin or generalized shape.It is called distal.This variant of the disease course is harder and is more difficult to treat.The distal form indicates that human immunity weakens and is affected by microorganisms.
The treatment of candidiasis differs in different forms and stages of the disease.At first, you can try to influence the microorganism with the help of local media, but with a generalized or rapidly progressive form, you must take systemic oral medications.In addition, if there are signs of extended damage to the fungus, it is necessary to prescribe a complete medical examination for the search for diseases that have reduced the level of immunity.
Nail changes with mold damage
The defeat with mold fungi is less common than the rest of the pathogens.This is due to the fact that a person is not in contact with this type of microorganism due to their specificity.Most of the time, these fungi are infected at the bottom of an existing injury.The most favorite colony, to which the mold is joined, is Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.In this context, you can often see the combined effects of fungi and bacteria.
This disease is characteristic of older people.In this period, there is a decrease in cell immunity and body weakening, because fungi develop more intensively.
A characteristic feature of these pathogens is their selectivity.They do not affect the skin and soft tissues, located exclusively on the nails.
Among the causal agents, most types are more:
- Alternary: This fungus determines the development of nail deformation and hyperkeratosis.To recover from this disease, it is necessary to eliminate the nail plate, since the microorganisms are extremely deep in the tissue and it is quite difficult to eliminate them.
- Scytalidium dimidiatum: Most of the time, such microorganisms appear in patients with diabetes.To get rid of this fungus, it is necessary to carefully monitor the blood glucose level and observe in parallel with the endocrinologist.
- Scopulariosis Brevicaulis is most frequently found in public places, for example, in bathrooms, swimming pools, showers.When located on nail plates, there is a change in its color from pink to white.
- Fusarium is common in rural areas, it is a lot on the ground, from which you can easily change to the fabric.This fungus, by penetrating the body, can cause the mycosis of the internal organs, which is very difficult to treat.The therapy for such a terrible disease should be carried out only in the hospital, since the treatment is serious enough for the patient.
Mold damage therapy is very complex, since it is necessary to treat the body from several colonies of microorganisms.To produce quite high quality therapy, a combination of antibiotics and antifungal drugs is used.In severe cases, they are not administered orally, but intravenously.